I was asked to participate in a debate pitting transit against roads. I wanted to post my response to this request. Todd Beutler
Thanks for the invitation, however, I believe a debate of these two issues is a dis-service to the community and will only cause confusion. I agree with Councilman Petersen as he stated on Crosstalk this morning that the Transit and Road initiatives should be considered independent on their own merit. It is unfortunate that some have pitted them against each other when they both can be voted on either in favor or not, independent of each other.
The Cache Valley Transit District would love to take some time to present our vision of how our organization will help the communities deal with growth and congestion. Myself and our Board President will be out of town on this day but I will be happy to call in via phone and arrange to have Curtis Roberts, Finance Director and Mark Daines, Vice-President of the Board to the meeting. We would appreciate time to present and then answer questions from the audience. We will not however, debate roads versus transit.
As an example of the misinformation that is created by pitting these two initiatives against one another is that of air quality. Some have stated as fact that the buses will create more pollution. Attached is Dr. Randy Martin’s letter to the editor that was published in today’s Herald Journal. Dr. Martin is one of the foremost experts in the area of air pollution and conducted the study on the buses. I think that based on his comments it is not completely clear at this point what is going to make the difference with air pollution.
Dr. Martin’s Letter
Bus pollution data
misrepresented
To the editor:
As the advisor to a project recently
referenced by George Daines in his
opinion article “No to the Transit
Tax” (Sunday, Oct. 21), I am obliged
to correct a misstatement. I generally
try to stay politically neutral while
analyzing and presenting data, and
as such, I will try to succinctly summarize the results of our on-road bus/vehicle emissions study.
George was indeed correct when
he implied that our wintertime air
pollution problem (PM2.5) is dominated
by a NOx analog, ammonium
nitrate. Through our studies, we
further know that Cache Valley is
ammonia-rich, meaning that our
best chance for PM2.5 reduction
is through reduction of the nitrate
component. However, this is not as
simple as reducing NOx in the atmosphere (as George’s article implies).
The NOx emitted from tailpipes
and other combustion sources must
undergo complex chemical reactions
involving a class of compounds
called “volatile organic compounds”
(VOCs) to form nitric acid, which
can then combine with ammonia to
form ammonium nitrate PM2.5. The
question becomes: Is it the NOx or
the VOCs which limit the formation
of the nitric acid? We have asked
ourselves this question for the last
two years.
After collection of additional
ambient data by USU and intense
modeling efforts by the Utah Division
of Air Quality, it appears our
nitric acid formation is limited by
the availability of reactive VOCs.
The results of two separate models
both point to the same result: reductions of VOCs will produce more ammonium nitrate reductions than reductions in NOx or reductions in the combination of NOx and VOCs The bus/vehicle study we conducted was designed to measure the relative emissions between buses and “typical” passenger vehicles.
The results showed that for NOx, as
George indicated, the diesel buses
averaged 11-32 times more NOx per
mile than the passenger vehicles.
This is roughly how many vehicle
drivers would have to switch to mass
transit to produce a reduction (or at
least parity) in the emission of NOx.
However, the VOC emissions were
a different story. For the vehicles
examined, we found a one-to-one
ratio between diesel bus and car
VOC emissions. This would suggest
that any number greater than one
(driver-to-rider switch) would result
in a reduction of emitted VOCs.
Switching ridership to mass transit
would likely not help our local NOx
burden and could likely increase the
available NOx. However, with minimal
ridership switching, there would
be a decrease in the available VOCs,
followed by a subsequent decrease
in the formation of ammonium
nitrate. I hope this provides a more
complete picture of the realities of
our mass transit system and part of
its relationship to our local air quality issues.
Dr. Randy Martin
Associate Research Professor
Dept. of Civil & Env. Eng.
Utah State University